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Donkeys in North America
Donkeys in North America constitute approximately 0.1% of the worldwide donkey population.〔 They were first brought to the New World by Christopher Columbus in the 15th century,〔 and once arriving in Mexico in the 16th century, spread northward into what today is the United States.〔 Some donkeys were bred in the eastern part of the continent from imported European stock.〔 In the gold rush era of 19th century, additional numbers came to the western United States for use as pack animals and working animals in the mining industry.〔 Some sources suggest that there are no true North American donkey breeds as such,〔 and it is true that donkeys in Canada and the United States are classified according to their size as miniature, standard or mammoth donkeys.〔〔〔 However, there are US-based purebred registries for the spotted ass〔 (a color breed), the American mammoth jackstock,〔 and the miniature donkey,.〔 The three size classifications have been reported as breeds to the Domestic Animal Diversity database of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization by the National Animal Germplasm Program of the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture, along with the ' (a small standard donkey that includes a feral population), and the spotted ass.〔
== Early history ==
The first asses came to the Americas on ships of the second voyage of Christopher Columbus, and were landed at Hispaniola in 1495.〔 In the early days of the Conquest, jackasses were highly valued as sires for mules,〔 which were esteemed as riding animals by the Spanish, and reserved for the nobility.〔 Mules were bred for expeditions to mainland America, with males preferred for pack animals and the females for riding. The first shipment of mules, along with three jacks and twelve jennies, arrived in Mexico from Cuba ten years after the conquest of the Aztecs in 1521. Mules were used in silver mines, and each Spanish outpost in the empire bred its own mules from its own jack. Donkeys arrived in large numbers in the western United States during the nineteenth century gold rushes, as pack animals and for use in mines and ore-grinding mills. The major use of donkeys came to an end with the end of the mining boom and the introduction of railroads in the West. With little value, many animals were turned loose to become the populations of free-roaming burros that inhabit the West today.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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